Children Growing Up Digital: Applying Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to Technology and Play

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of digital technology on childhood development through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and his later bioecological model. As children grow up immersed in digital environments—from smart toys to online learning platforms—their experiences of play, learning, and relationships are increasingly shaped by technology. The article examines how each layer of Bronfenbrenner’s model (microsystem to chronosystem) is influenced by digital integration, highlighting both the benefits and risks of “technologized” childhoods. While technology offers opportunities for creativity, collaboration, and inclusion, it also poses challenges to traditional play, social-emotional development, and cultural diversity. The paper advocates for a balanced approach that preserves essential elements of unstructured, sensory-rich play while embracing the educational and developmental potential of digital tools.